Structural and Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon-coated Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared via Hydrothermal Method

The rapid advancement of communication technology has led to an increase in electromagnetic interference (EMI), or electromagnetic (EM) pollution. This is a cause for concern, as EMI can disrupt communication services, damage electronic equipment, and pose health risks. Regulatory bodies are working to develop standards for the safe use of wireless devices, but the problem of EMI is likely to continue to grow as the number of Internet of Thing (IoT) devices continues to increase. To address this issue, this study investigated the effectiveness of carbon-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles as a potential material for electromagnetic shielding. The synthesis of cobalt ferrite (Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4]) nanoparticles was successfully achieved using the co-precipitation method. Subsequently, a carbon coating was applied to the nanoparticles through a hydrothermal process using a 200 mL autoclave made of teflon-lined stainless steel. This process was carried out at a temperature of 180[degrees]C for a duration of 12 hours, with a heating rate of 8[degrees]C per minute. This study examined both uncoated and carbon-coated Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] nanoparticles at various ratios of glucose to Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] (1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 3 : 1) using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and higher resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The XRD analysis revealed distinct and well-defined peaks corresponding to Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4], indicating the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles. The crystallite size of the uncoated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles was measured to be 11.47nm, while for the carbon-coated Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4], the average crystallite size was determined to be 14.15 nm through XRD analysis. The results obtained from the FTIR analysis were consistent with previous reports and confirmed the formation of spinel Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] nanoparticles, as suggested by published data. The morphological and structural properties of the prepared samples were further characterized using FESEM and HRTEM analysis, which demonstrated uniformity in both particle size distribution and morphology. Overall, the research findings indicated that the structure and properties of Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] nanoparticles were significantly influenced by the carbon coating process. Notably, the optimum ratio of carbon to Co[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.4] was found to be 2 : 1, which resulted in the highest carbon thickness