Common clinical pattern of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody -associated vasculitis: An experience from a multicenter study in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To understand the most common type and clinical manifestations of associated vasculitis (AAV) in the Saudi Arabia. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City and the Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2014 and May 2022. Patients aged >18 years were included in the study and diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, serology, or histopathology according to the EMA algorithm. Univariate analysis was carried out to compare different groups; a series of independent samples t-tests was applied for continuous data. Results: A total of 53 patients were enrolled: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Overall, proteinase-3 was the most prevalent (52.8%), and myeloperoxidase, myeloperoxidase MPO was the least prevalent antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-type (18.9%) among patients; other patients showed negative ANCA test results. The clinical manifestations differed significantly between EGPA and GPA groups in pulmonary, neurological, cardiological, and renal signs and symptoms (p