KARYOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF THE GENUS GRAOMYS THOMAS, 1916

The genus Graomys contains four species and presents significant karyological diversity. Graomys griseoflavus, inhabiting mainly the Monte Desert ecoregion, shows variations in diploid number (2n) from 33 to 38 due to Robertsonian translocations and in fundamental number of autosomal arms (FNa) from 44 to 48 due to inversions. Graomys chacoensis, which occurs in the ecoregions of the Chaco and the Espinal, has 2n=42 and FNa=44-46 due to a pericentric inversion. Graomys domorum, which inhabits the Yungas ecoregion and the Yungas-Chaco transitional zones and exhibits 2n=28 and FNa=46, but its karyotype is known only by a schematic representation for two specimens from Bolivia. The karyotype of G. edithae has not yet been described. In this report, we studied 29 individuals of the three former species from different localities of their distribution, using conventional and differential cytogenetic techniques and chromosome measurements. In G. griseoflavus, we have identified the pairs involved in the three Robertsonian translocations, supporting an independent, not sequential origin of this polymorphism. The nearby area of Mendoza City showed the greatest chromosomal diversity for G. griseoflavus. The banding pattern associated with the chromosomal measurements allowed us to suggest the possible pairs involved in the pericentric inversions of G. griseoflavus and G. chacoensis. The presence of heterochromatin indicates more significant chromosomal variability and complexity than previously recognized. The chromosome complements of G. chacoensis and G. griseoflavus are more similar to each other. The karyotype of G. domorum from Argentina differs from the previously reported from Bolivia, and is the most divergent within the genus.