Physiotherapists' Understanding of Shortwave Diathermy Contraindications: A Questionnaire Survey

Purpose: It is known that electromagnetic fields and heat generated by shortwave diathermy (SWD) can have adverse effects on living tissue. The purpose of this research is to evaluate Jordanian physiotherapists' knowledge of pulsed and continuous SWD contraindications. And investigate the potential contraindications about which Jordanian physiotherapists may have limited knowledge. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study investigates Jordanian physiotherapists' knowledge of SWD contraindications. In 38 private and public hospitals, a self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out. Participants were asked to classify 32 conditions as "always, sometime, or never" contraindicated or "I do not know". Participants are physiotherapists with two or more years of postgraduate experience. Two forms comprised the survey. The first consisted of assessing their reaction to the contraindications of pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD), while the second consisted of continuous shortwave diathermy (CSWD). Results: Approximately 270 physiotherapists were eligible to participate in this investigation. Only 150 questionnaires were distributed to the therapists who agreed to the study. One hundred twenty-eight were returned for an average response rate of 85.3% (128/150). Respondents had good agreement about using SWD for cardiovascular condition, however, 24 respondents (19%) thought PSWD can be used over venous thrombosis. Only 64% of the respondents was aware that pacemakers are contraindicated for PSWD. Approximately 14% to 32% seem unaware that tuberculosis and osteomyelitis are contraindicated for both CSWD and PSWD. About 21% to 28% have been unaware that the use of PSWD is contraindicated for specialized tissues (eg, eyes, gonads, or malignant tissues) and 29% during pregnancy. Conclusion: Jordanian physiotherapists generally agreed on the widely acknowledged contraindications of CSWD for specific conditions. However, there was considerable uncertainty among Jordanian physical therapists about the contraindications of PSWD. This discrepancy highlights the need to improve physiotherapist awareness and for more fact-based research to the contraindication of SWD modality. Keywords: diathermy, electrotherapy, electromagnetic, deep heat