Production of bioactive [beta]-carotene by the endophytic bacterium Citricoccus parietis AUCs with multiple in vitro biological potentials

Although microalgae and plants are traditionally used for obtaining natural pigments, overexploitation and overharvesting threaten them. Bacteria represent a superior alternative for the production of pigments due to their ability to produce greater amounts in a short time without seasonal restrictions; furthermore, bacterial pigments have a wide range of uses and are safe and biodegradable. This study is the first on the production of ss-carotene as a promising bioactive agent from endophytic bacteria. The yellow pigment produced by the endophytic bacterium Citricoccus parietis AUCs (NCBI accession number: OQ448507.1) was extracted by methanol and then purified and identified. One band was obtained by TLC analysis, which was identified as ss-carotene based on its spectroscopic and chromatographic characteristics. The pigment exhibited remarkable antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. This research may serve as a valuable starting point for exploiting C. parietis AUCs as a potent source of ss-carotene for biomedical therapies. To validate the findings of this research, in vivo studies must be performed.