Significance of HbA1c and Micro albuminuria in diabetic and hypertensive individuals: An index for the diabetic nephropathy

With epidemiological, demographic, lifestyle and nutrition transition, non-communicable diseases like DM, HTN are increasing in India. The present study was carried out to assess prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors and correlates of hypertension and diabetes. Micro albuminuria (MAU) has been shown to be a risk factor for nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between MAU and other risk factors in the development of diabetic nephropathy with type 2 diabetes. A total of 131 individuals were randomly recruited in the study and were segregated into 3 group. Group-1 is control (50) and group-II (n = 22) contains controlled DM and group-III (n = 59) contains uncontrolled DM. groups Medical records were used to collect data of age, duration of diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI) and history of hypertension. Blood samples were collected after 12 h overnight fasting to estimate fasting blood glucose (FBG), Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and urine is collected for estimation of micro albumin. The FBS, PPBS, SBP has shown a significant rise between the controls and uncontrolled diabetes, where as DBP has shown a significant rise in the controlled diabetes in comparison to control group. Micro albumin and HbA1c has shown a significant rise in control diabetes and uncontrolled diabetes group on comparison with control group. Significant rise in the FBS and PPBS levels in conjunction with micro albumin and HbA1c in both study groups indicates the formation of the AGE products, which will be the risk factor for the development of secondary complication in the diabetes. The significant rise of the SBP and micro albumin in both study groups indicates the future risk for the development of the nephropathy.