Leukemic transformation of the hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment/ Transformacao leucemica do microambiente das celulas-tronco hematopoieticas

The microenvironment of hematopoietic stem cells is responsible for coordinating several events involved with the production of blood cells. This hematopoietic renewal is only possible thanks to the well-ordered interactions and signals that maintain tissue harmony. In leukemias, the control mechanisms break down and the leukemic transformation of the microenvironment occurs, thus favoring the neoplastic maintenance of blood tissue. From this perspective, this study aimed to investigate the microenvironment transformation process within the scope of cellular and molecular changes that support tumor progression. It is a narrative review article in which the Pubmed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and MedLine databases were consulted in search of recent publications that addressed the proposed subject. The data obtained contribute to a more holistic understanding of leukemias. The leukemic transformation, either by primary mutations in the microenvironment components or through the sequestration of its normal functions by leukemia-initiating cells, is relevant for tumor establishment, progression, dissemination, and chemoresistance. Through the action of various components, this microenvironment supports leukemic stem cells and represents a promising path for developing new antileukemic therapies.