MLKL mediates apoptosis via a mutual regulation with PERK/eIF2[alpha] pathway in response to reactive oxygen species generation

The pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a core effector of necroptosis, and its function in necroptosis is widely studied. However, the function of MLKL in apoptosis remains unclear. In the present study, the role of MLKL in chelerythrine (CHE)-promoted apoptosis was studied. A special band of MLKL (i.e., *MLKL) was observed after treatment with CHE. MLKL and *MLKL were accumulated in the nucleus upon treatment with CHE and MLKL silencing reversed the CHE-induced apoptosis. Blockade of CHE-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation or inhibition of CHE-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 [alpha] subunit (eIF2[alpha]) pathway reversed the apoptosis. A decreased ROS level inhibited CHE-mediated nuclear translocation of MLKL and *MLKL and the activation of eIF2[alpha], whereas MLKL or eIF2[alpha] silencing did not affect the CHE-triggered ROS generation. Furthermore, MLKL silencing prevented the CHE-activated eIF2[alpha] signal, and eIF2[alpha] silencing blocked the CHE-induced nuclear translocation of MLKL and *MLKL. Our studies suggested that CHE possibly induces apoptosis through the nuclear translocation of MLKL and *MLKL, which is promoted by a mutual regulation between MLKL and PERK-eIF2[alpha] pathway in response to ROS formation. The present study clarified the new function of MLKL in apoptosis.