Weather conditions favorable for agricultural spraying in Rio Grande do Sul State/Condições meteorológicas favoráveis para pulverização agrícola no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Knowledge of the periods when the meteorological conditions are favorable for agricultural spraying is important in agricultural planning, particularly in fleet dimensioning. This study aimed to determine, on a temporal scale, favorable weather conditions for agricultural spraying in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In addition, the times and months of the year that have the most and least suitable conditions for agricultural spraying were investigated, as well as the meteorological conditions that are frequently limiting and their relationships with the geographic coordinates and altitude of the location. Hourly data from automatic weather stations in 12 locations were collected, totaling 56,500 days and 1,356,009 hourly observations. Wind sjpeeds greater than 3 km h-1 and less than 10 km h-1, air temperatures up to 30 [degrees]C, and relative air humidity above 55% were considered favorable. The data were released after descriptive analysis considering the registered frequency and mean. Altitude showed a moderate negative correlation with wind speed favorability. Air temperature was the meteorological element with the greatest favorability for agricultural spraying in the Rio Grande do Sul State, whereas wind speed was the most limiting meteorological element. There were no differences in favorability between the months of the year. The most favorable times were from 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 a.m. and the most unfavorable from 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Considering the condition in which air temperature, wind speed, and relative air humidity were adequate for agricultural spraying simultaneously in the Rio Grande do Sul State, 43.2% of the periods were favorable. Key words: application technology, pesticides, air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed O conhecimento dos momentos em que as condições meteorológicas são favoráveis à pulverização agrícola é importante no planejamento agrícola, principalmente para o dimensionamento da frota. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar, em escala temporal, as condições climáticas favoráveis à pulverização agrícola no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, assim como as épocas e meses do ano com melhores e piores condições, o elemento meteorológico mais limitante e suas relações com as coordenadas geográficas e a altitude do local. Foram utilizados dados horários de estações meteorológicas automáticas de 12 locais, perfazendo um total de 56.500 dias e-11.356.009 observações horárias. Foram considerados favoráveis os valores