A field of experiences, biased impacts and assumptions: dilemmas and methodological challenges of empirical researches on criminality, violences, seguridad y activismos

This paper presents reflections about researches on the field of public security, violences and activisms in Brazil, from experiences developed by the authors, considering the constitutive dilemmas of this thematic. It emphasizes the importance of empirical researches based on an anthropological construction and of the challenges of the interlocution with Law. Furthermore, the reflexive theoretic and methodological approach on State and public policies must also orient the analysis of activisms, to avoid homogenization and generalization of the juridical and political classifications which dominate the field. Based on this perspective, a case study is presented, demonstrating the importance of multidimensionality and situationality on studies about (in)security. It is a methodology developed for analysis on risk perceptions, constructed to identify social situations of violence which affected the regular work of measurement of electricity, on the cities of Sao Goncalo and Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro State), in order to prevent theft. O artigo apresenta reflexoes sobre pesquisas no campo da seguranza publica, violencias e ativismos no Brasil, a partir de experiencias desenvolvidas pelas autoras, levando em consideracao os dilemas de constituicao desse campo tematico. Salienta-se a importancia das pesquisas empiricas, num recorte antropologico e os desafios de interlocucao com o Direito. Discute ainda que a abordagem teorico-metodologica reflexiva sobre o Estado e as politicas publicas deve orientar tambem as analises sobre os ativismos, para evitar a homogeneizacao e generalizacao das classificagdes juridico-politicas que dominam o campo. Com base nessa perspectiva apresenta-se um estudo de caso demonstrando a importancia da multidimensionalidade e a situacionalidade em estudos sobre (in)seguranca. Trata-se da metodologia desenvolvida para analise de percepgdes de risco, construida para identificar as situagdes sociais de violencia que afetavam o trabalho regular de medicao de energia eletrica, nos municipios de Sao Goncalo e Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro), para prevencao do furto.