Genetic and environmental factors that affect tick infestation in Nelore x Angus crossbreed cattle/Fatores geneticos e ambientais que afetam a infestacao de carrapatos em bovinos cruzados Nelore x Angus

This study evaluated the effects of seasons and latitude on tick counting and determined the best model to estimate genetic parameters for tick count and hair coat. Records of animals naturally exposed to ticks on farms in several Brazilian states and in Paraguay were used. The ANOVA was used to verify the effects of seasons and latitude on the tick count trait. Spring was the season with the highest average, followed by summer and autumn, which showed no differences between them. The winter presented the lowest average values. Latitude -11 [degrees] had the highest mean value followed by latitude -18[degrees]. The Bayesian approach was used to evaluate tick count and hair coat and to identify a suitable model for estimating genetic parameters for use in genetic evaluations. The data were analyzed using an animal model with four different specifications for "fixed" purposes. The inference was based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The criteria for selection of the Bayesian model indicated that the M1 model, which considered the breed composition in the contemporary group, was superior to the other models, both for tick count and hair coat. Heritability estimates for tick count and hair coat obtained using the M1 model were 0.14 and 0.22, respectively. The rank correlations between the models for tick count and hair coat were estimated and reordering was verified for tick count. The estimated genetic correlation between tick count and hair coat traits was negative (-0.12). These findings suggest that different genes regulate tick count and hair coat. Keywords: fixed effects, hair coat, heritability, genetic correlation, rank correlation. Os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos das estações e latitude na contagem de carrapatos e determinar o melhor modelo para estimar parâmetros genéticos para contagem de carrapatos e pelame. Foram utilizados registros de animais expostos naturalmente a carrapatos em fazendas em vários estados brasileiros e no Paraguai. A ANOVA foi utilizada para verificar os efeitos das estações e da latitude na característica de contagem de carrapatos. A primavera foi a estação com a maior média, seguida pelo verão e outono, que não mostraram diferenças entre eles. O inverno apresentou os menores valores médios. A latitude -11[grados] teve o maior valor médio seguido pela latitude -18[grados]. A abordagem bayesiana foi usada para avaliar a contagem de carrapatos e o pelame e identificar o modelo adequado para estimar parâmetros genético