Influence of the Fermented Feed and Vaccination and Their Interaction on Parameters of Large White/Norwegian Landrace Piglets

Simple Summary: Farm animals are constantly exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, which can lead to bacterial, as well as secondary infections caused by viruses. For this reason, vaccination is used. Flowever, many discussions have been published about the effectiveness of this prophylactic measure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fermented feed on non-vaccinated (NV) and vaccinated with Circovac porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine piglets' blood parameters, gut microbial composition, growth performance and ammonia emission. The 36-day experiment was conducted using 25-day-old Large White/Norwegian Landrace piglets, which were randomly divided into four groups each comprising 100 piglets (NV piglets fed with soya meal, vaccinated piglets fed with soya meal, NV piglets fed with fermented rapeseed meal and vaccinated piglets fed with fermented rapeseed meal). The results revealed that vaccination, as a separate factor, did not significantly influence piglets' blood parameters. Finally, rapeseed meal fermented with the selected lactic acid bacteria strains can be used instead of expensive imported soya, because the fermented feed did not cause undesirable changes in piglets' health and growth performance. Furthermore, the process is more sustainable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fermented with a newly isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains combination (Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS122, Lactobacillus casei LUHS210, Lactobacillus farraginis LUHS206, Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29, Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245) feed on non-vaccinated (NV) and vaccinated with Circovac porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine (QI09AA07, CEVA-PHYLAXIA Co. Ltd. Szallas u. 5. 1107 Budapest, Hungary) piglets' blood parameters, gut microbial composition, growth performance and ammonia emission. The 36-day experiment was conducted using 25-day-old Large White/Norwegian Landrace (LW/NL) piglets, which were randomly divided into four groups with 100 piglets each: [S.sub.nonV]--non-vaccinated piglets fed with control group compound feed; [S.sub.v]--vaccinated piglets fed with control group compound feed; [RF.sub.nonV]--non-vaccinated piglets fed with fermented compound feed; [RF.sub.v]--vaccinated piglets fed with fermented compound feed. Samples from 10 animals per group were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment. Metagenomic analysis showed that fermentation had a positive impact on the Lactob