The role of neurosurgery in Parkinson's disease: literature review/O papel da neurocirurgia na doenca de Parkinson: revisao de literatura

With population aging and increased life expectancy, dementias have grown significantly. The increase in the elderly population also increases the number of chronic diseases associated with aging, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive disorder of the central nervous system, specifically the nuclei of the base, involving the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, surpassed only by Alzheimer's disease. It is estimated that approximately five million people worldwide have Parkinson's disease and about 200 thousand individuals in Brazil. Surgical treatment in Parkinson's disease is of paramount importance for the improvement of patients quality of life. The present study aims to contribute to future research that addresses new treatments for Parkinson's disease. The aim of this article is to demonstrate, through a large literature review, the importance of surgical treatment in Parkinson's disease, addressing its indications, types and techniques, complications and impact on the quality of life of the patient submitted to the treatment in question, through bibliographical, descriptive and retrospective review of the last twenty years (1998 to 2018). Articles were selected in the databases Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane and Medline, in Portuguese and English languages. The terms used in the search were related to the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease. The main surgical techniques used are deep brain stimulation with electrode implant and stereotactic ablation. It is essential that the health professionals know the surgical possibilities in Parkinson's disease, since the postoperative needs multidisciplinary follow-up.