Dwarfing-canopy and rootstock cultivars for fruit trees/Cultivares-copa e porta-enxertos ananicantes para plantas frutiferas

As fruit trees generally have a large size, the production of small or even dwarf trees is of great interest for most of fruit crops. In this review, some of the main tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit trees that have small or even dwarfing cultivars are approached. The causes of dwarfism, although the use of dwarfing rootstocks, is the main theme of this review. The factors that affect the size of the fruit trees are also approached, as well the dwarf cultivars of banana, papaya and cashew, and the dwarf rootstocks for guava, mango, anonaceae, loquat, citrus, apple and peach trees. Index terms: high-density plantings; spacings; dwarf fruit trees. Como as plantas frutiferas apresentam em geral porte elevado, a obtencao de plantas de porte reduzido, ou ate anas, e de grande interesse na fruticultura. Nesta revisao sao comentadas algumas das principais plantas frutiferas de clima tropical, subtropical ou temperado que tem variedades de porte reduzido, ou mesmo anas. As causas do nanismo e o uso de porta-enxertos ananicantes sao os principais temas desta revisao. Sao abordados tambem os fatores que afetam o porte das plantas frutiferas, as variedades-copa anas em bananeira, mamoeiro e cajueiro, bem como os porta-enxertos ananicantes para goiabeira, mangueira, anonaceas, nespereira, citros, macieira e pessegueiro. Termos para indexacao: plantios adensados; espacamentos; plantas frutiferas anas.