Epidemiological aspects of the first human autochthonous visceral leishmaniosis cases in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Human visceral leishmaniasis is a growing anthropozoonosis in Brazil, and particularly in the southern region of the country. It is an infectious disease transmitted to humans, dogs and other animals in urban and rural areas of the Americas, mainly due to the bite of Lutzomya longipalpis infected with Leishmania infantum. This article aims to portray the current epidemiological situation of the human visceral leishmaniasis arrival in Porto Alegre city, located in the southern region of Brazil. It is a descriptive study, a case series and a critical review. Six human cases with human visceral leishmaniasis were notified by the date of conclusion of the study, all human visceral leishmaniasis cases were diagnosed at late stage, leading to four deaths.