Jihad's Orphans. Jihad, Strategies of Identity and Nonviolence in tariqa Tijaniyya of Senegal/ Los huerfanos del jihad. Jihad, estrategias de identidad y transformacion hacia la no violencia en la tariqa Tijaniyya en Senegal

This paper explores the concept of jihad, and the strategies of identity and non-violent resistance in tariqa Tijaniyya--one of the most important Sufi organizations of Africa--during colonial era in Senegal. Starting with al-Futi's military defeat, this paper demonstrates the transition from military jihad to non-violent resistance against French authorities in West Africa. In this context, it analyzes the social and intellectual contributions of Malik Sy and 'Abdoulaye Niasse, leaders of the Tijaniyya in early XX century. Both, heirs of jihad culture, developed new strategies to increase social resistance while rejecting violence.