Effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Supplementation on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Hypovitamin D Which Were Given Vitamin [D.sub.3] towards Disease Activity , IL-6, and TGF-[beta]1 Serum

Background. Curcumin contained in Curcuma xanthorrhiza is an immunomodulator that has similar biological effect as vitamin D. Combination of curcumin and vitamin [D.sub.3] is expected to work synergistically. Objective. To determine the effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza supplementation on vitamin [D.sub.3] administration to SLEDAI, IL-6, and TGF-[beta]1 serum in SLE patients with hypovitamin D. Methods. This was a double-blind RCT conducted in Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, in January 2016-March 2017. Subjects were SLE active (SLEDAI > 3) with levels of 25(OH)[D.sub.3] [less than or equal to] 30 ng/mland divided into two groups: those receiving cholecalciferol 3 x 400IU and placebo 3 x 1 tablets (group I) and those receiving 3 x 400 IU cholecalciferol and Curcuma xanthorrhiza 3 x 20 mg for 3 months (group II). SLEDAI, levels of vitamin D, IL-6, and TGF-[beta]1 in serum were evaluated before and after the treatment. Results. There were no significant differences in SLEDAI reduction, decreased serum levels of IL-6, and increased levels of TGF-[beta]1 serum among groups after the treatment. Decreased levels of serum IL-6 have a positive correlation with SLEDAI reduction. Conclusion. Curcuma xanthorrhiza supplementation on vitamin [D.sub.3] had no effects on SLEDAI and serum levels ofIL-6 and TGF-/51. This clinical trial is registered with NCT03155477.