The sick building and the healthy building/O edificio doente e o edificio saudavel/El edificio enfermo y el edificio saludable

The characterization of healthy buildings is addressed in this article through the analysis of references that study the physical conditions that induce the well-being and recovery of patients in health buildings. Initially, we discuss the conditions established for the occurrence of the Sick Building Syndrome, justifying the characterization of Healthy Buildings. The characteristics raised were encompassed in the sectors of hygiene, comfort and sustainability. Regarding hygiene, the strategic location of lavatories was highlighted, which favors infection control conditions; the use of finishing materials that allow easy cleaning and maintenance, and the provision of infrastructure to ensure segregation, storage, collection and treatment of solid waste. Regarding comfort, the use of natural means of temperature, humidity, ventilation and illumination control is emphasized; the availability of green areas, the establishment of universal accessibility and noise control. Sustainability in health buildings is emphasized in terms of establishing uninterrupted energy and water supply, with the use of clean forms of generation. It concludes by the adequacy of environmental studies in health facilities as parameters for the definition of physical conditions in a Healthy Building. Keywords: Hospital architecture; Healthy environment; Environment and health. A caracterizacao das edificacoes saudaveis e tratada, no presente artigo, atraves da analise de referencias que estudam as condicoes fisicas que induzem ao bem-estar e a recuperacao de pacientes em edificacoes de saude. Inicialmente discorre-se sobre as questoes ambientais envolvidas na ocorrencia da Sindrome do Edificio Doente, justificando a caracterizacao dos Edificios Saudaveis. As caracteristicas levantadas foram englobadas nos setores de higiene, conforto e sustentabilidade. Em relacao a higiene, destacou-se a localizacao estrategica de lavatorios, o que favorece as condicoes de controle de infeccao; a utilizacao de materiais de acabamento que permitam facil limpeza e manutencao e a disponibilizacao de infraestrutura que garanta a segregacao, guarda, coleta e tratamento de residuos solidos. Em relacao ao conforto, sao enfatizados a utilizacao de meios naturais de controle de temperatura, umidade, ventilacao e iluminacao; a disponibilidade de areas verdes, a adocao da acessibilidade universal e o controle do ruido. A sustentabilidade em edificacoes para a saude recebe enfase quanto ao estabelecimento de con