Journalists exposed and vulnerable: digital attacks as a form of professional risk/Jornalistas expostos e vulneraveis: ataques digitais como modalidade de risco profissional

Journalism is a risky activity, and its exercise can affect physical integrity, mental health and social and professional coexistence. Other recent dangers of the digital ecosystem add to physical aggression, death and persecution. However, it is necessary to watch cases of invasion of privacy, surveillance and other violations. Can we say that there are digital risks to the journalistic activity? What types? How are they works? To answer, we resorted to bibliographical and documentary research. We have analyzed 80 reports of attacks on journalists and attacks on press freedom from nine NGO. They are reports recognized by journalists and media, and that allow the formulation of policies for the sector and the improvement of the market. The corpus covers the period 2001-2016, and its analysis is made from categories of attacks that we elaborate from the bibliography in the area. In the end, with the definition of digital risk that we suggest and the description of these attacks, we aim to contribute to raising awareness of these new threats.