Strategies for decolorization of textile industry effluents by white-rot- fungi with peach palm residue/Estrategias de descoloracao de efluentes da industria textil por fungos de podridao branca com residuo de pupunha

The aim of this interdisciplinary approach is to provide innovative solutions to environmental problems, in particular, improving the treatment of textile industrial effluents and finding a use for the residual biomass generated from palm tree (Bactris gasipaes) extraction. Three types of white-rot fungi were cultivated applying different strategies for the decolorization the textile effluents: i) solid-state fermentation (SSF), ii) submerged fermentation (SF), and iii) adsorption. In all cases, it was used the peach-palm residue. In the SSF strategy, the decolorization process and laccase production were enhanced by increasing the concentration of final effluent. Even though the highest decolorization percentage (80%) was attained after 10 days of fermentation with G. lucidum EF 31 applied in the treatment of a final effluent, no significant differences were found in relation to the other two fungi. The decolorization efficiency obtained in the SF was lower compared with SSF, however, the presence of final effluent in the SF process improved the laccase activity. It was noted that the addition of peach-palm residue in this system provides a habitat for the fungus as well as a suitable source material for laccase production with the consequent decolorization of the effluent. Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; Trametes versicolor; Bactris gasipaes; laccases. O objetivo desta abordagem interdisciplinar e fornecer solucoes inovadoras para problemas ambientais, em particular, na melhoria do tratamento de efluentes industriais texteis e encontrar um uso para a biomassa residual gerada a partir da extracao de palmeiras (Bactrisgasipaes). Tres tipos de fungos de podridao-branca foram cultivados aplicando diferentes estrategias para a descoloracao dos efluentes texteis: i) fermentacao em estado solido (SSF), ii) fermentacao submersa (SF), e iii) adsorcao. Em todos os casos, foi utilizado o residuo de pupunha. Na estrategia SSF, o processo de descoloracao e a producao de lacase aumentaram conforme a concentracao de efluente final aumentava. Embora a maior percentagem de descoloracao (80%) tenha sido obtida apos 10 dias de fermentacao com G. lucidum EF 31 aplicado no tratamento com efluente final, nao foram encontradas diferencas significativas em relacao aos outros dois fungos. A eficiencia de descoloracao obtida no SF foi menor em comparacao com SSF, no entanto, a presenca de efluente final no processo SF aumentou a producao da lacase. Foi observado que a adicao do resi