Cardiovascular risk factor: obesity between children and adolescents in the brazilian macroregions/FATOR DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR: A OBESIDADE ENTRE CRIANCAS E ADOLESCENTES NAS MACRORREGIOES BRASILEIRAS

Introduction: Obesity is a nutritional disorder currently considered one of the world's leading public health problems. Studies indicate that individuals with excess body fat have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, among others. Usually, these diseases are found in adults, but are increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents. Aim: To demonstrate the values of overweight and obesity of schoolchildren in Brazilian macro regions. Methods: A systematic review of cross - sectional studies published in national indexed journals was carried out. The searches were performed in the databases: Scielo, Bireme, Lilacs, Google academic. The descriptors used were: Obesity and children; Obesity and school; Overweight and obesity in schoolchildren; Overweight and Obesity in students. Results: 42 articles were selected; however, 25 articles were included in the study, six articles from the Southeast Region, five from the Northeast Region, four from the South Region, two from the Midwest and three from the North Region. A total of 27,625 children and adolescents aged between 5 and 19 years of public and private schools were evaluated. The study with the lowest number of participants included 147 students, while the largest study included 10,882 students. Our work showed that the prevalence values are different by region, ranging from 7.4% to 29.5% in the north region, in the center-west region were found 21.1% of boys and 22.9% of overweight girls, in the northeast region the total prevalence was 19.5% to 30% of overweight and obesity, respectively, the highest prevalence in the southeast region was 41.3% and in the southern region the prevalences of overweight and obesity were 24, 6% lower and 43.8% higher. Conclusion: We conclude that the prevalence of obesity is different in the Brazilian macro regions and that this result can be explained by the differences of culture of each place. However, further studies should be designed to ascertain the risk factors for obesity in each region. Key words: Obesity. School children. Children. Overweight. Introducao: A obesidade e uma desordem nutricional considerada atualmente um dos principais problemas de saude publica do mundo. Estudos indicam que individuos que apresentam excesso de gordura corporal possuem maior risco de desenvolver doencas cronicas como cardiopatias, acidente vascular encefalico, hipertensao, dis