Severe acute radiation syndrome: treatment of a lethally [sup.60]Co-source irradiated accident victim in China with HLA-mismatched peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and mesenchymal stem cells

This is a case report of a 32-year-old man exposed to a total body dose of 14.5 Gy [gamma]-radiation in a lethal [sup.60]Co-source irradiation accident in 2008 in China. Frequent nausea, vomiting and marked neutropenia and lymphopenia were observed from 30 min to 45 h after exposure. HLA-mismatched peripheral blood stem cell transplantation combined with infusion of mesenchymal stem cells was used at Day 7. Rapid hematopoietic recovery, stable donor engraftment and healing of radioactive skin ulceration were achieved during Days 18-36. The patient finally developed intestinal obstruction and died of multi-organ failure on Day 62, although intestinal obstruction was successfully released by emergency bowel resection. Keywords: acute radiation syndrome, HLA-mismatched stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell