Double Inferior Vena Cava Detected by CT Venography and Confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Venography: Embryogenesis and Literature Review/ Doble Vena Cava Inferior Detectada a traves de Venografia por Tomografia Computada y Confirmada con Venografia por Resonancia Magnetica: Embriogenesis y Revision de la Literatura

A hospital based prospective study was conducted from July 2001 to July 2015 at the Department of Radiology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan. During that period, five cases of double inferior vena cava (DIVC) were discovered among a cohort of 7722 patients (3861 men and 3861 women, 49.5 [+ or -] 16.9 years, range 16-78 years). Cases were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced Spiral CT venography (CTV) and confirmed by turbo three-dimensional (3D) time- of-flight contrast-enhanced MR venography. The majority of patients 3166 (41 %) were referred for staging and follow-up of malignancy, postoperative complications 1777 (23 %), nonspecific abdominal pain 1467 (19 %), preoperative assessment 849 (11 %) and trauma 463 (6 %). Magnetic resonance venography showed higher sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy and noninvasive modality for assessment of IVC map. MRV is a more useful, noninvasive modality for assessment of IVC map. DIVC is a common anomaly, its incidence in our study found to be 0.064 %. The incidence, literature review, embryogenesis, and importance of this anomaly are discussed. In addition, sample figures of relevant cases are provided.