DIAGNOSTICO DE SEGURIDAD DE SEMILLAS. PARTE I. ANALISIS DE LOS SISTEMAS AGRICOLAS EN MUNICIPIOS DE CUBA/Seed Security diagnosis. Part I. Analysis of agricultural systems in municipalities in Cuba

The work was developed in agricultural cooperatives linked to the Program of Agricultural Local Innovation (PIAL according its acronyms in Spanish) in Bahia Honda, Manicaragua and Gibara municipalities, located respectively in the occident, center and east of Cuba. The study is part of the Component 1 analysis of the Methodological Guide for the Diagnose of Seed Security directed to reinforce the strategy of seed production of quality and enough quantities. The information was obtained starting from interviews to key informants, discussion in focal groups and a present survey, composed by a questionnaire of open and closed questions that was applied to a total of 96 farm chiefs. In the work they are described and compared elements of the agricultural systems: topography, agroclimatic conditions, demographic characteristics of the rural population, holding and use of the ground. The results showed that in the municipalities of the occident and center the agricultural areas are located mostly between valleys and mountains, where the main system of holding of the ground is the usufruct with prevalence of permanent cultivations, as long as in the east they are located in plane surfaces with system based mostly on the private property and the temporary cultivations prevail. Droughts, hurricanes and intense rains are climatic events that have had a significant impact in these agroecosystems during the years of study. They are evidenced in the agricultural population the symptoms of populational aging detected in Cuba and a low proportion of women farm chiefs. Keeping in mind the results it concludes that the analysis of these elements offers outstanding information of utility in the design, management and implementation of actions to achieve the security of local seed. Words key: demography, interviews, gender, topography El trabajo se desarrolló en cooperativas agrícolas vinculadas al Programa de Innovación Agrícola Local (PIAL) en los municipios Bahía Honda, Manicaragua y Gibara, ubicados en el occidente, centro y oriente de Cuba respectivamente. El estudio forma parte del análisis del Componente 1 de la Guía Metodológica para el Diagnostico de Seguridad de Semillas dirigido a reforzar la estrategia de producción de semillas de calidad y cantidades suficientes. La información fue obtenida a partir de entrevistas a informantes clave, discusión en grupos focales y una encuesta presencial, compuesta por un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas que se apli