Comparative analysis of implementation policies and social outcomes of wind power in Ceara

Wind power development is a global phenomenon with large variability of in- country experiences but few international comparisons. Here we compare cases of wind farms in Ceara (Brazil) and Texas (USA) in terms of national implementation policies, environmental licensing, stakeholders, and other variables. Comparison revealed the importance of land-tenure security, economic institutions, and interventions of local political and economic elites in determining degrees of social acceptance of wind power. The mechanisms used by companies for their implementation are diferents. In Texas land leases and royalties benefit private owners and produce rates. In Ceara the economic and social benefits are restricted to local elites