Evaluation of bank efficiency in Brazil: a dea approach/Avaliacao da eficiencia bancaria brasileira: uma abordagem dea/Evaluacion de la eficiencia bancaria brasilena: un enfoque dea

Purpose: The research aims to evaluate the efficiency of banks that operated in the Brazilian market in 2013. To achieve this goal, efficient banks were identified according to the production approach. To detect and explain efficiency standards, additional analyses were carried out related to: 1. capital origin, 2. size, 3. business segment, and 4. risk rating. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The Brazilian literature on bank efficiency features several studies linking the efficiency of banks to capital origin and size. However, the relationship between efficiency and business segment has been poorly explored and the relationship between efficiency and risk rating is scarce. In this sense, this research contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between efficiency and business segment, as well as the relationship between efficiency and risk rating. Key methodological aspects: The research uses a quantitative approach and employs the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to calculate efficiency scores. The data were obtained from the Central Bank of Brazil (Bacen). Summary of key results: Federal public banks and large banks are, on average, more efficient. Banks operating in foreign exchange and retail, as well as banks with high credit ratings, also achieved high levels of efficiency. Key considerations/conclusions: Efficient banks proved to be more profitable, lent less money in proportion to their total assets, and received fewer complaints filed with the Central Bank of Brazil in 2013. KEYWORDS Bank efficiency. Banks. Brazilian banks. Production approach. DEA. Objetivo: A pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a eficiencia de bancos que atuaram no mercado brasileiro no ano de 2013. Para atingir este objetivo, foram identificados os bancos eficientes sob a abordagem de producao. A fim de detectar e explicar padroes de eficiencia, foram realizadas analises complementares relacionadas a: 1. origem de capital, 2. porte, 3. segmento de atuacao, e 4. classificacao de risco (rating) da instituicao. Originalidade/lacuna/relevancia/implicacoes: A literatura brasileira sobre eficiencia bancaria apresenta diversos estudos relacionando a eficiencia dos bancos a origem de seu capital e porte. Entretanto, a relacao entre eficiencia e segmento de atuacao foi muito pouco explorada e a relacao entre eficiencia e classificacao de risco e escassa. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa contribui com a literatura ao explorar a relacao entre eficiencia