The use of photothermal quotient and frost risk to identify suitable sowing dates for wheat/Uso do quociente fototermal e risco de geadas na identificacao de epoca de semeadura adequadas em trigo

The potential yield of wheat is mainly determined by temperature, solar radiation and the photothermal quotient. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial variability of the photothermal quotient and the frost risk to identify suitable sowing dates for wheat in Parana Sta...

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Veröffentlicht in:Acta scientiarum. Agronomy 2014-01, Vol.36 (1), p.99
Hauptverfasser: Silva, Raphael Rossi, Benin, Giovani, Marchese, Jose Abramo, da Silva, Eder David Borges, Marchioro, Volmir Sergio
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Sprache:spa
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Zusammenfassung:The potential yield of wheat is mainly determined by temperature, solar radiation and the photothermal quotient. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial variability of the photothermal quotient and the frost risk to identify suitable sowing dates for wheat in Parana State, Brazil. The results showed that the photothermal quotient has greater spatial variability than temporal variability. The sowing date affects crop conditions that can in turn affect yield. However, the photothermal quotient and frost risk fluctuate differently in different Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) regions. The regions VCU 1 and VCU 2 showed greater temporal variability of the photothermal quotient. The photothermal quotient ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 MJ [m.sup.-2] day °C in VCU 1, from 1.1 to 1.5 MJ [m.sup.-2] day °C in VCU 2 and from 1.0 to 1.2 MJ [m.sup.-2] day °C in VCU 3. Sowing performed in June provided the greatest photothermal quotient in all VCU regions. However, June sowing increased the frost risk in VCU 1. Thus, the sowing date can be used as a management tool for the attainment of higher yield in wheat. Keywords: Triticum aestivum (L.), yield potential, solar radiation. O potencial de rendimento de graos em trigo varia, principalmente, em funcao da temperatura, radiacao solar e do quociente fototermal. O objetivo foi estudar a variabilidade temporal e espacial do quociente fototermal (QF) e o risco de geadas visando identificar epocas de semeadura para a cultura do trigo que propicie o maior rendimento de graos no estado do Parana, Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram que ha maior variabilidade do QF no espaco em relacao ao tempo. A epoca de semeadura afeta as condicoes de crescimento da cultura, podendo incrementar o rendimento de graos. Entretanto, o QF e o risco de geadas variam conforme a regiao de VCU. As regioes de VCU 1 e 2 apresentaram a maior variabilidade temporal do QF. A variacao temporal para a regiao de VCU 1 ficou entre 1,5 a 2,0 MJ [m.sup.-2] dia °C (VCU 1), 1,1 a 1,5 MJ [m.sup.-2] dia °C (VCU 2) e 1,0 a 1,2 MJ [m.sup.-2] dia °C. Em todas regioes de VCU, semeaduras realizadas no mes de junho proporcionam o maior valor de QF. Entretanto, ha elevado risco de geadas na regiao de VCU 1 quando a semeadura ocorre em junho. Assim, a epoca de semeadura pode ser uma importante ferramenta no manejo para alto rendimento de graos em trigo. Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum (L.), potencial de rendimento, radiacao solar.
ISSN:1679-9275
DOI:10.4025/actasciagron.v36i1.14854