Sponge city and lid technology--vision and tradition

The meanings of Sponge City and LID Technology are explained followed by an analysis of the Sponge City and LID ideas in Chinese and world history. Recent developments of planning and design techniques for LID are summarized. Effects and Limits of Sponge City and LID are explained on behalf of Chinese and international examples. Further some advice for best planning and design strategies including principles for merging technical and landscape / urban planning issues are given. Finally, experiences with practical designs and different projects are reviewed, highlighting what is needed to improve practice of Sponge City and LID theories. KEYWORDS Sponge City; Low Impact Development; Water Sensitive Design; Urban Water Management [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]