Expression of REG I[alpha] gene in type 2 diabetics in Pakistan

Background The escalating rate of diabetes' has prompted researchers around the world to explore for early markers. A deficit of functional [beta]-cell mass plays a central role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. The REG (Regenerating) gene, encoding a 166 amino acid REG protein was discovered in rats and humans which is released in response to [beta]-cells damage and play a role in their regeneration. The objective of this study was to characterize serum levels of REG I[alpha] proteins in type 2 diabetic patients as indicator of [beta]-cell apoptosis as well as regeneration. Methods Unrelated type 2 diabetic patients (n = 55) of different age groups and disease duration were recruited from the Medical OPD of PNS Shifa Hospital. Age and sex matched non diabetic controls (n = 20) without family history of diabetes were selected from the same setting. Demographical details were recorded on a structured questionnaire. Biochemical parameters like FBG, HbA1c, TC and TG levels were measured. Serum levels of REG I[alpha] protein were determined by ELISA. Results Levels of REG I[alpha] protein were found significantly raised in type 2 diabetic patients compared to controls (p < 001). Patients with short duration of the disease had higher levels of REG I[alpha] as compared to patients with longer duration of the disease. Although the patients were on anti hyperglycemic agents, a positive correlation was found between REG I[alpha] serum levels, FBG and HbA1c levels. Patients with higher BMI had higher levels of serum REG I[alpha] levels. Serum TC, TG and Hb levels showed no correlation. Conclusion REG I[alpha] may be used as a marker/predictor of type 2 diabetes especially in the early stages of the disease. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, [beta]-Cell regeneration, [beta]-Cell apoptosis, REG I[alpha]