Biodistribution and Clearance of TiO.sub.2 Nanoparticles in Rats after Intravenous Injection

Titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) nanoparticles are used in many applications. Due to their small size, easy body penetration and toxicological adverse effects have been suspected. Numerous studies have tried to characterize TiO.sub.2 translocation after oral, dermal or respiratory exposure. In this study, we focused on TiO.sub.2 nanoparticle biodistribution, clearance and toxicological effects after intravenous injection, considering TiO.sub.2 translocation in the blood occurs. Using ICP-OES, transmission electron microscopy, and histological methods, we found TiO.sub.2 accumulation in liver, lungs and spleen. We estimated TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles' half life in the body to about 10 days. Clinical biomarkers were also quantified for 56 days to identify potential toxicological impact on lungs, blood, liver, spleen and kidneys. Results showed absence of toxicological effects after TiO.sub.2 intravenous injection at concentrations of 7.7 to 9.4 mg/kg.