The association between the recurrence of solitary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes

Aim To evaluate whether tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in biopsy specimens are associated with the clinical outcome of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Methods We retrieved tumor specimens from 115 patients with solitary papillary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated between 1996 and 2006 and constructed tissue microarrays. Patients were divided in two groups: those with recurrent disease (N = 69) and those without recurrent disease (N = 46) during the follow up of minimum 5 years. All patients were treated with initial transurethral resection and none received adjuvant therapy. Immunhistochemical staining was performed with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, and Granzyme B (GrB). The CD4+:CD8+ and GrB+:CD8 ratios were determined. Results Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were predominantly observed within cancer stroma, and only rare individual cells were observed intraepithelially. The group without recurrent disease had lower levels of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes than the group with recurrent disease (P = 0.0001, P=0.0002, respectively). The CD4+:GrB+ and GrB+:CD8+ ratios were significantly higher in patients without recurrent disease (P = 0.0002, P=0.039, respectively). Conclusion This study revealed a possible connection between TIL number and bladder cancer recurrence. TIL subset ratio showed different patterns in recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors, which is why it could become a useful a prognostic clinical index if our findings are confirmed in randomized trials.