Air-sea interaction under low and moderate winds in the Black Sea coastal zone/Mere ja atmosfaari vastasmojust norkade ning moodukate tuulte puhul Musta mere rannikuvoondis

This paper reports the results of field experiments performed at an offshore oceanographic platform in the Black Sea during spring and fall seasons 2005-2011. Observations of the air-sea interaction were made using direct and remote sensing methods in the coastal zone where the interaction is complex and still poorly understood. A specialized research platform, managed by the Marine Hydrophysical Institute (MHI), is placed on the shelf slope approximately 600 m offshore the Crimea coast, Ukraine. The water depth at the site is about 30 m. The experiment program included conventional turbulence measurements with the eddy-covariance method as well as remote radio-polarimetric measurements with a newly developed instrument. The study was concentrated on the air-sea interaction during episodes of weak wind in the atmosphere and upwelling events in the ocean. Analysis of the collected data confirmed significant dependence of the surface drag coefficient on the air-sea temperature difference under weak wind conditions. However, this analysis also demonstrated a new air-sea interaction regime, which is characterized by large quasi-periodic (periods about 3.5 h) turbulence oscillations developing initially in the atmosphere and later (after about 10-12 h) in the sub-surface water layer. The analysis of radio-polarimetric measurements provided the characteristics of the gravity-capillary wave field during these events. Key words: coastal zone, atmospheric boundary layer, sea drag coefficient, gravity-capillary wave, radio-polarimetric measurements. On esitatud Musta mere Krimmi (Ukraina) rannikust umbes 600 m kaugusel ligikaudu 30 m sugavuses vees selfinolval paikneval uurimisplatvormil kevaditi ja sugiseti 2005-2011 labi viidud mere ning atmosfaari vastasmoju mootmiste tulemused. Keskenduti vastasmoju analuusile norga ja mooduka tuule ning suvaveekerke kombinatsiooni tingimustes, kasutades nii kontaktmootmisi kui ka kaugseire voimalusi. Turbulentsi omadusi hinnati traditsioonilise keerisvoo analuusi meetoditega ja radiopolarimeetrial tuginevate uudsete seadmetega. On naidatud, et pinnatakistuse koefitsient soltub oluliselt vee- ja ohutemperatuuride vahest isegi norga tuule korral. On naidatud, et eksisteerib senitundmatu mere ja ohu vastasmoju reziim, mida iseloomustavad algul atmosfaari turbulentsi parameetrite 3,5-tunnise intervalliga kvaasiperioodilised muutused ning ligikaudu 10-12 tunni moodumisel tekkivad samalaadilised muutused mere pinnakihis. Radiopolarim