Estimating stand attributes of complex forest types in subtropical mountain environments by combining the shadow fraction method with analyses of high-dynamic-range photographs
Shadow fractions can be overestimated because of topographic shadows, which can occupy a significant area on aerial photographs of mountainous terrain. In this study, we first used high-dynamic-range (HDR) image analysis techniques to extract the original canopy shadow from the topographic shadows o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian journal of forest research 2020-10, Vol.50 (10), p.1093-1099 |
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| creator | Hsieh, Yi-Ta Yu, Kun-Yong Chen, Chaur-Tzuhn Chen, Jan-Chang |
| description | Shadow fractions can be overestimated because of topographic shadows, which can occupy a significant area on aerial photographs of mountainous terrain. In this study, we first used high-dynamic-range (HDR) image analysis techniques to extract the original canopy shadow from the topographic shadows on aerial photographs. Subsequently, we applied the shadow fraction method to estimate selected forest attributes (stand height, basal area, and stem volume). In this paper, we discuss the effects of tree shadow fraction normalization, auxiliary spectral information, and forest type on forest attribute estimation. HDR image analysis successfully extracted canopy shadow information from topographic shadows. The tree shadow fraction normalization method had no obvious effect. The shadow fraction enhanced spectral information to estimate stand attributes. Using shadow fractions resulted in better estimates of stand height for mixed-hardwood forest (
= 0.45), basal area for mixed-hardwood forest (
= 0.50), and stem volume for conifer–hardwood forest (
= 0.43). This difference in estimated results is related to the shade patterns produced by stand structures in the different forest types. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0502 |
| format | Article |
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= 0.45), basal area for mixed-hardwood forest (
= 0.50), and stem volume for conifer–hardwood forest (
= 0.43). This difference in estimated results is related to the shade patterns produced by stand structures in the different forest types.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0045-5067</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1208-6037</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0502</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>1840 Woodward Drive, Suite 1, Ottawa, ON K2C 0P7: NRC Research Press</publisher><subject>aerial photographs ; Aerial photography ; attribut du peuplement ; Canopies ; Coniferous forests ; Deciduous forests ; Forests ; fraction d’ombre ; grande gamme dynamique ; Hardwoods ; high dynamic range ; Image analysis ; Image processing ; Methods ; Mountain environments ; ombre topographique ; photographies aériennes ; shadow fraction ; Shadows ; Spectra ; stand attributes ; Stems ; Terrain ; topographic shadow ; Topography</subject><ispartof>Canadian journal of forest research, 2020-10, Vol.50 (10), p.1093-1099</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 NRC Research Press</rights><rights>2020 Published by NRC Research Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-4bd72af55243f246ad02f7e54195d0193eb8778537900dc84821d34da254660e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Yi-Ta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Kun-Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chaur-Tzuhn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jan-Chang</creatorcontrib><title>Estimating stand attributes of complex forest types in subtropical mountain environments by combining the shadow fraction method with analyses of high-dynamic-range photographs</title><title>Canadian journal of forest research</title><description>Shadow fractions can be overestimated because of topographic shadows, which can occupy a significant area on aerial photographs of mountainous terrain. In this study, we first used high-dynamic-range (HDR) image analysis techniques to extract the original canopy shadow from the topographic shadows on aerial photographs. Subsequently, we applied the shadow fraction method to estimate selected forest attributes (stand height, basal area, and stem volume). In this paper, we discuss the effects of tree shadow fraction normalization, auxiliary spectral information, and forest type on forest attribute estimation. HDR image analysis successfully extracted canopy shadow information from topographic shadows. The tree shadow fraction normalization method had no obvious effect. The shadow fraction enhanced spectral information to estimate stand attributes. Using shadow fractions resulted in better estimates of stand height for mixed-hardwood forest (
= 0.45), basal area for mixed-hardwood forest (
= 0.50), and stem volume for conifer–hardwood forest (
= 0.43). This difference in estimated results is related to the shade patterns produced by stand structures in the different forest types.</description><subject>aerial photographs</subject><subject>Aerial photography</subject><subject>attribut du peuplement</subject><subject>Canopies</subject><subject>Coniferous forests</subject><subject>Deciduous forests</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>fraction d’ombre</subject><subject>grande gamme dynamique</subject><subject>Hardwoods</subject><subject>high dynamic range</subject><subject>Image analysis</subject><subject>Image processing</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Mountain environments</subject><subject>ombre topographique</subject><subject>photographies aériennes</subject><subject>shadow fraction</subject><subject>Shadows</subject><subject>Spectra</subject><subject>stand attributes</subject><subject>Stems</subject><subject>Terrain</subject><subject>topographic shadow</subject><subject>Topography</subject><issn>0045-5067</issn><issn>1208-6037</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqVkstrFTEYxQdR8Frdug66cjE1z3ksS6m2UBR8rEMmj5lcZpJpkrGd_8o_sRluQS9cEMkicPidk-8LpyjeIniOEGk_yr0JJYaoKSGD-FmxQxg2ZQVJ_bzYQUhZyWBVvyxexbiHEJKKwF3x-yomO4lkXQ9iEk4BkVKw3ZJ0BN4A6ad51A_A-KBjAmmds24diEuXgp-tFCOY_OKSyKJ2v2zwbtIuRdCtm7mzbotOgwZxEMrfAxOETNY7MOk0eAXubRqAcGJc4-HJwfZDqVYnJivLIFyvwTz45Psg5iG-Ll4YMUb95uk-K35-uvpxeV3efv18c3lxW0pa0VTSTtVYGMYwJQbTSiiITa0ZRS1TELVEd01dN4zULYRKNrTBSBGqBGa0qqAmZ8X7Q-4c_N2Sd-d7v4Q8ZuSY0ooRXLftH6oXo-bWGZ_yepONkl9UpGa4YqjOVHmC6rXTQYzeaWOzfMS_O8HL2d7xv6HzE1A-SuePO5n64ciQmaQfUi-WGPnN92__wX45Zp8GkcHHGLThc8iVCitHkG_N5Fsz-dZMvjUzG9DB4ILMrdIiyOFfnkdtwObL</recordid><startdate>20201001</startdate><enddate>20201001</enddate><creator>Hsieh, Yi-Ta</creator><creator>Yu, Kun-Yong</creator><creator>Chen, Chaur-Tzuhn</creator><creator>Chen, Jan-Chang</creator><general>NRC Research Press</general><general>Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>U9A</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20201001</creationdate><title>Estimating stand attributes of complex forest types in subtropical mountain environments by combining the shadow fraction method with analyses of high-dynamic-range photographs</title><author>Hsieh, Yi-Ta ; Yu, Kun-Yong ; Chen, Chaur-Tzuhn ; Chen, Jan-Chang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-4bd72af55243f246ad02f7e54195d0193eb8778537900dc84821d34da254660e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>aerial photographs</topic><topic>Aerial photography</topic><topic>attribut du peuplement</topic><topic>Canopies</topic><topic>Coniferous forests</topic><topic>Deciduous forests</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>fraction d’ombre</topic><topic>grande gamme dynamique</topic><topic>Hardwoods</topic><topic>high dynamic range</topic><topic>Image analysis</topic><topic>Image processing</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Mountain environments</topic><topic>ombre topographique</topic><topic>photographies aériennes</topic><topic>shadow fraction</topic><topic>Shadows</topic><topic>Spectra</topic><topic>stand attributes</topic><topic>Stems</topic><topic>Terrain</topic><topic>topographic shadow</topic><topic>Topography</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Yi-Ta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Kun-Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chaur-Tzuhn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jan-Chang</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Canadian journal of forest research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hsieh, Yi-Ta</au><au>Yu, Kun-Yong</au><au>Chen, Chaur-Tzuhn</au><au>Chen, Jan-Chang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Estimating stand attributes of complex forest types in subtropical mountain environments by combining the shadow fraction method with analyses of high-dynamic-range photographs</atitle><jtitle>Canadian journal of forest research</jtitle><date>2020-10-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1093</spage><epage>1099</epage><pages>1093-1099</pages><issn>0045-5067</issn><eissn>1208-6037</eissn><abstract>Shadow fractions can be overestimated because of topographic shadows, which can occupy a significant area on aerial photographs of mountainous terrain. In this study, we first used high-dynamic-range (HDR) image analysis techniques to extract the original canopy shadow from the topographic shadows on aerial photographs. Subsequently, we applied the shadow fraction method to estimate selected forest attributes (stand height, basal area, and stem volume). In this paper, we discuss the effects of tree shadow fraction normalization, auxiliary spectral information, and forest type on forest attribute estimation. HDR image analysis successfully extracted canopy shadow information from topographic shadows. The tree shadow fraction normalization method had no obvious effect. The shadow fraction enhanced spectral information to estimate stand attributes. Using shadow fractions resulted in better estimates of stand height for mixed-hardwood forest (
= 0.45), basal area for mixed-hardwood forest (
= 0.50), and stem volume for conifer–hardwood forest (
= 0.43). This difference in estimated results is related to the shade patterns produced by stand structures in the different forest types.</abstract><cop>1840 Woodward Drive, Suite 1, Ottawa, ON K2C 0P7</cop><pub>NRC Research Press</pub><doi>10.1139/cjfr-2018-0502</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Canadian journal of forest research, 2020-10, Vol.50 (10), p.1093-1099 |
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| source | Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | aerial photographs Aerial photography attribut du peuplement Canopies Coniferous forests Deciduous forests Forests fraction d’ombre grande gamme dynamique Hardwoods high dynamic range Image analysis Image processing Methods Mountain environments ombre topographique photographies aériennes shadow fraction Shadows Spectra stand attributes Stems Terrain topographic shadow Topography |
| title | Estimating stand attributes of complex forest types in subtropical mountain environments by combining the shadow fraction method with analyses of high-dynamic-range photographs |
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