A look at the Risks and Threats of Artificial Intelligence, from Media Ecology/Una mirada a los riesgos y amenazas de la inteligencia artificial, desde la Ecologia de los Medios

From a historical perspective and a prospective analysis, the article aims to understand the role of technologies and their impact on society through the postulates of media ecology. Through this meta-discipline, we delve into the rigorous review of different authors who see technologies as playing a prominent role in shaping the future because they not only influence the culture of societies, but also impact the course, advancement and meaning of history. The text focuses on the advantages and on the explanation of the risks of generative artificial intelligence, identifying eight critical scenarios: weaponization, disinformation, proxy games, weakening, blocking or withholding of value, unwanted emerging goals, deception and power-seeking behavior. Subsequently, CASI regroups them into four threats: malicious use, the AI race, organizational risks and uncontrolled AI. We end the by drawing on McLuhan's reflections and stressing the need to scale back technologies when they have reached elevated levels of development to minimize their negative impact. Although artificial intelligence has not reached that state, there is a warning about the accelerated evolution and the need for AI literacy as a measure to face risks and threats, in a limited time before it is too late. Desde una perspectiva historica y un analisis prospectivo, el articulo tiene como objetivo comprender el papel de las tecnologias y su impacto en la sociedad, a traves de los postulados de la ecologia de los medios. A traves de esta metadisciplina, nos adentramos a la rigurosa revision de diferentes autores que ven en las tecnologias un rol destacado en la configuracion del futuro porque no solo influyen en la cultura de las sociedades, sino que tambien impactan en el curso, avance y significado de la historia. El texto se centra en las ventajas y, sobre todo, en la explicacion de los riesgos de la inteligencia artificial generativa, identificando ocho escenarios criticos: armamento, desinformacion, juegos de proxy, debilitamiento, bloqueo o retencion de valor, metas emergentes no deseadas, engano y comportamiento de busqueda de poder. Posteriormente, el CASI las reagrupa en cuatro amenazas: uso malicioso, la carrera de la IA, riesgos organizativos e IA descontrolada. Terminamos recuperando las reflexiones de McLuhan y su tetrada sobre la necesidad de enfriar las tecnologias cuando han alcanzado altos niveles de desarrollo para minimizar su impacto negativo. Si bien la inteligencia artifici