Eating behavior of individuals with obesity: relationship with the homeostatic and hedonic control mechanisms of food ingestion/COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR DE INDIVIDUOS COM OBESIDADE: RELACAO COM OS MECANISMOS DE CONTROLE HOMEOSTATICO E HEDONICO DA INGESTAO ALIMENTAR

Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial disease and is closely related to changes in eating behavior. In theory, the body has a complex homeostatic mechanism for the regulation of hunger, satiety, and adiposity, but in individuals with obesity this system is dysfunctional. In addition, food has been the target of pleasure, especially foods with high energy density, rich in sugars, fats and/or chemical additives, called ultra-processed, which have high palatability, motivating hedonic behavior and consequently reward systems. Objective: To describe the mechanisms involved in the regulation of hunger and satiety, as well as the motivations to consume certain foods and amounts, motivated by hedonic control, and their associations with the eating behavior of individuals with obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a narrative review of the literature, which was carried out through the Pubmed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases, with priority being included articles published after the year 2018 in English and Portuguese. Results: Studies have shown a strong association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity due to their high energy density and palatability, being targeted in hedonic eating behaviors due to the activation of reward systems. In addition, obesity is related to disturbances in homeostatic controls, such as insulin and leptin resistance, so the control of hunger, satiety and adiposity become dysfunctional, which makes treatment even more difficult. Conclusion: The complexity surrounding obesity and its treatment shows the need for more public policies and studies to better understand the mechanisms involved. Key words: Obesity. Ultra-processed foods. Energetic Homeostatic Control. Hedonic Behavior. Introducao: A obesidade e uma doenca de etiologia multifatorial e esta intimamente relacionada com alteracoes no comportamento alimentar. Em tese, o organismo possui um mecanismo homeostatico complexo para a regulacao da fome, saciedade e adiposidade, porem em individuos com obesidade esse sistema sofre disfuncionalidade. Alem disso, a comida tem sido alvo de prazer, principalmente alimentos com alta densidade energetica, ricos em acucares, gorduras e/ou aditivos quimicos, denominados como ultraprocessados, que possuem alta palatabilidade, motivando o comportamento hedonico e consequentemente os sistemas de recompensa. Objetivo: Descrever os mecanismos envolvidos na regulacao da fome e saciedade, assim como das motivacoes para