A Benchmark for a New Nearly Zero Energy Wooden Building in Europe/Referentna vrijednost za novu drvenu zgradu s gotovo nultom potrosnjom energije u Europi

To mitigate dangerous climate change, a drastic reduction of C[O.sub.2] emissions is needed by 2030. Buildings contribute significantly to emissions, with the use phase of existing buildings being responsible for the majority of energy consumption. In addition, environmental problems associated with the production of raw materials, construction, and the end of life of buildings are serious concerns that require urgent solutions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and the EU-recommended Environmental Footprint (EF) are widely accepted tools to measure environmental impacts throughout a product life cycle. However, assessing the environmental performance of wooden buildings remains a challenge. This study presents a benchmark for an average new European wooden building fulfilling the European nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) requirement. The benchmark utilizes the recommended EU EF impact categories with normalization and weighting, allowing for easy and quick comparisons. The results communicate the average environmental impact per square meter of floor area over one year. This benchmark is a suitable comparison point for new wooden building designs and is used as an effective tool for architects and designers during the initial planning stages of wooden buildings. By using this benchmark, the environmental performance of the building can be improved, and the communication and interpretation of LCA results can be facilitated for customers and other relevant stakeholders. KEYWORDS: benchmark; nearly zero energy building (nZEB); life cycle assessment (LCA); wood construction; environmental footprint Kako bi se ublazile opasne klimatske promjene, do 2030. godine potrebno je drasticno smanjiti emisiju C[O.sub.2]. Tim emisijama znatno pridonose i zgrade, pri cemu je koristenje postojecim zgradama odgovorno za vecinu potrosnje energije. Osim toga, ekoloski problemi povezani s proizvodnjom sirovina, gradnjom i krajem zivotnog vijeka zgrada ozbiljni su problemi koji zahtijevaju hitna rjesenja. Procjena zivotnog vijeka (LCA) i ekoloski otisak proizvoda (EF) koji preporucuje EU siroko su prihvaceni alati za mjerenje utjecaja na okolis tijekom njihova zivotnog vijeka. Medutim, procjena ekoloske ucinkovitosti drvenih zgrada ostaje izazov. Ovom je studijom predstavljena prosjecna nova europska drvena zgrada referentne vrijednosti koja ispunjava europski zahtjev za zgradu gotovo nulte energije (nZEB). Za zgradu referentne vrijednosti primjenjuju se preporucene EU EF kategorij