Improved Surface Layer Erosion of Pit and Fissure Caries Lesions in Preparation for Resin Infiltration

The penetration of a low-viscosity resin (infiltrant) into caries lesions depends on the erosion of the relatively impermeable surface layer (SL) that covers the lesion body. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different abrasive pretreatments on erosion of the SL and on penetration of an infiltrant into occlusal caries lesions, simultaneously. Sixty extracted human molars showing International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-2) lesions were randomly allocated to 5 groups. A small area of each lesion was covered with resin before etching. Twelve lesions each were etched with either 15% HCl-gel (H120) or 37% H 3 PO 4 -gel (P120) for 120 s. Furthermore, the standard 15% HCl-gel or either one of two experimental etchants (HCl-gel or H 3 PO 4 -gel, each including abrasives) were applied for either 120 s or 30 s using a brush (surface pressure 150 g) (H30 B , P120 BA , H30 BA ). After rinsing and drying, all lesions were infiltrated for 180 s (Icon; DMG). From each tooth sections were prepared and visualized using confocal microscopy. SL of unetched areas and the lesion depth were 33 (23/51) μm and 537 (274/876) μm, respectively, both not differing significantly between groups. H120, H30 B , and H30 BA showed significantly higher SL reduction compared with P120 or P120 BA , but only for H30 BA SL was eroded almost completely (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney test). Compared to other groups, occlusal lesions were significantly more infiltrated in H30 BA (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney test). HCl-gel including abrasives that was rubbed onto the enamel surface with a brush seems to be most effective to erode SLs of caries lesion situated in fissures and enable an almost complete subsequent resin infiltration.