THE CONCEPTUAL AMBIGUITY OF TOTALITARIANISM, FASCISM AND POPULISM: REFLECTIONS ON CONTEMPORARY CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES/A Ambigüidade Conceituai de Totalitarismo, Fascismo e Populismo: Reflexos Sobre os Desafios Constitucionais Contemporâneos

The recent rise of authoritarian movements around the world requires an interdisciplinary reflection on the fundamental elements of democratic regimes. In fact, political typologies renew their complexity as a result of current economic, geopolitical and legal events. In this context, legal scholars...

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Veröffentlicht in:Quaestio iuris 2022-05, Vol.15 (2), p.578
Hauptverfasser: Machado, Raquel Cavalcanti Ramos, Ferreira, Desiree Cavalcante
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Sprache:por
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Zusammenfassung:The recent rise of authoritarian movements around the world requires an interdisciplinary reflection on the fundamental elements of democratic regimes. In fact, political typologies renew their complexity as a result of current economic, geopolitical and legal events. In this context, legal scholars have tried to explain the paradoxical relationship between constitutionalism and authoritarianism. Considering these concerns, in this paper we discuss the conceptual boundaries of totalitarianism, fascism and populism, in order to analyze how these concepts were incorporated into the debate on the crises of democracy and then connected with modern constitutionalism. The research was carried out with the qualitative and analytical-descriptive study of the concepts. As a conclusion, it was verified that, even though the current problems have different aspects from those of the past, there are structural characteristics of modern society that make it possible to understand the new authoritarian wave. The constitutional system challenge is to face anti-democratic pressures without losing its basic meaning. The paper seeks to contribute to the debate on the crises of constitutional democracies and to clarify key concepts to understand current problems. Keywords: Totalitarianism; Fascism; Populism; Democracy; Constitutionalism. A ascensão de movimentos autoritários em distintas partes do Mundo tem demandado reflexões interdisciplinares sobre os elementos que fundamentam os regimes democráticos. Nesse contexto, as tipologias políticas ganharam nova complexidade, a partir da associação com eventos econômicos, geopolíticos e jurídicos da atualidade. No Direito, passou-se a analisar como o constitucionalismo--tradicionalmente associado à democracia--pode conviver com formas jurídicas que fundamentam ações autoritárias. A partir dessa provocação, o trabalho objetiva traçar as fronteiras conceituais das categorias totalitarismo, fascismo e populismo, a fim de verificar como esses termos integram o debate atual sobre as crises das democracias e desafiam a compreensão do constitucionalismo moderno. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se de estudo qualitativo e analíticodescritivo dos conceitos e da literatura especializada. Como resultado, verificou-se que, ainda que se busque responder a problemas distintos daqueles diagnosticados no passado, existem traços semelhantes de descrição das sociedades modernas que contribuem para a compreensão do retorno de uma
ISSN:1516-0351
DOI:10.12957/rqi.2022.62425