Determination and evolution of fractal property of n-heptane pool fires caused by depressurization process in an aircraft cargo compartment

Fractality is one of the inherent characteristics to present the irregularity and self-similarity of an object. In this study, the fractal theory was applied to the fire scene under decreasing pressure in an aircraft cargo compartment, considering that the compartment is usually inaccessible in flight and flame images are a kind of convenient monitoring information compared to other detection methods. A series of n -heptane pool fires were performed under decreasing pressure with four depressurized rates. The flame image was captured by a video camera with fixed aperture and exposure time. The fractal dimension (FD) of flame images was computed via two approaches, i.e., the box-counting (BC) and differential box-counting (DBC) methods. The results show that n -heptane pool fires have a good fractal property for both binary and grayscale images. The FD via BC method shows little sensitivity with decreasing pressure. However, the FD via DBC method presents a significant linear relationship with a slope of 0.0016 in the range from 2.85 to 2.75 during the depressurization. The quantitative correlation was brought into the classical radiation modeling, and the exponential function between FD and MLR of n -heptane was established.