EFFECTIVENESS OF URBAN LEGISLATION IN REGULATING URBAN OCCUPATION IN RURAL AREAS: ANALYSIS FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF ESTANCIA VELHA FOR THE PERIOD 1959-2018/EFETIVIDADE DA LEGISLACAO URBANISTICA NA REGULACAO DA OCUPACAO URBANA EM ZONAS RURAIS: ANALISE PARA O MUNICIPIO DE ESTANCIA VELHA PARA O PERIODO DE 1959-2018

The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of laws and regulations that control urban expansion in rural areas, since they are the main Brazilian land planning instruments. Thus, we compare the expected results of the application of land use laws with the effective land occupation for the municipality of Estancia Velha, in Brazil, in the period from 1955 to 2018. This paper identifies each local urban planning law, while analyzing and mapping land zoning changes between urban and rural zones, along with identified barriers to urban expansion. The increases in the urban perimeter were assessed as to their need by comparing them to the economic and demographic context. Results show that legislation is an important land planning instrument, although insufficient, given that urban land uses were still found in rural zones and were used as a pretext for urban perimeter increases. It is also shown that urban planning laws play an important--however partially effective--role related to delimiting barriers to urban expansion, despite the fact that certain types of preexisting land uses in these places reinforce such laws. Finally, it was also noted that there is no guarantee of the barrier condition lasting over time, given the fragility of legal protection and the pressures to modify it. Keywords: Urban law. Urban expansion. Rural land urbanization. Urban expansion barriers. Land regularization. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a efetividade da legislacao, principal instrumento brasileiro de regulacao do uso do solo, para controlar a expansao urbana em zonas rurais. Fez-se isso a partir de um confronto entre os resultados esperados e os efetivos da aplicacao da legislacao de ocupacao do territorio para o municipio de Estancia Velha, RS, de 1955 a 2018. O trabalho apresenta um levantamento de toda legislacao urbanistica municipal e a identificacao e mapeamento das alteracoes no macrozoneamento urbano-rural do municipio junto das barreiras a expansao urbana. Aumentos no perimetro urbano sao avaliados quanto a sua necessidade comparando-os ao contexto economico e demografico. Os resultados mostram que a legislacao exerceu um fator importante de ordenamento territorial, porem insuficiente, dado que ocupacoes com fins urbanos dentro da zona rural continuaram ocorrendo e foram pretexto para aumentos de perimetro urbano. Quanto as barreiras, verificou-se que a legislacao urbanistica teve um papel relevante em sua demarcacao, mas de eficacia parcial, uma