Mendeleev’s Periodic System of Elements: Between Past and Future

In the present paper, current possibilities for further research into the structure of Mendeleev’s Periodic System are considered. The four-valued logic of quantum measurements is demonstrated to be applicable for the classification of chemical elements. Quantum scales containing data on the position of a chemical element with a given ordinal number are used in the definition of new metrological research problems leading to the development of new approaches to quantum metrology.