About the Titles Used in The Crusader States Kullanilan Unvanlara Dair

The four major Crusader States (Outremer), founded in the East by the Latins due to the First Crusade, were called a kingdom, county or principality depending on their ruler's title. The first ruler of the Crusader Kingdom adopted the title of princeps instead of king. Officially, from the the year 1100, rulers of the Kingdom carried the title of king. In these Latin States with a feudal structure, the nobles who were vasals of the king were designated as lord, seigneur or baron. Also, high officers in the most important administrative units of the Outremer were called senesal, konnetabl, marsal, cemberlayn and sansolye in a hierarchical order. This paper examines the titles of sovereignty, nobility and office holder used in the Crusader States of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Edesa and the County of Tripoli. Keywords: Crudaser States, Outremer, title, nobility, official Birinci Hacli Seferi (1096-1099) sirasinda ve sonrasinda Dogu'da Latinler tarafindan kurulmus olan ve outremer seklinde ifade edilen dort Hacli Devleti, hukumdarin tasidigi hakimiyet unvanina bagli olarak krallik, kontluk, prinkepslik gibi farkli isimlerle anilmisti. Kudus'un ilk Latin hukumdari taclandirilmadigi icin yaygin olarak prinkeps unvanini kullanmis; fakat 1100 yilindan itibaren kralligin hukumdarlari resmen kral sifatini tasimislardir. Feodal bir yapiya sahip olan bu Latin devletlerinde kralin vasallari olan ikta sahibi asiller lord, senyor, baron gibi farkli unvanlarla tanimlanmistir. Bu devletlerin en onemli idari birimlerinde yer alan senesal, konnetabl, marsal, cemberlayn ve sansolye olarak adlandirilan yuksek memurlarin unvanlari da kendi icinde hiyerarsik bir siraya sahip olmustur. Bu yazida Kudus Kralligi, Urfa Kontlugu, Trablus Kontlugu ve Antakya Prinkespligi olarak adlandirilan Hacli Devletlerinde kullanilmis olan hakimiyet ile asalet ve memuriyet unvanlari kaynaklarin verdigi bilgiler isiginda ele alinmistir. Anahtar sozcukler: Hacli Devletleri, Outremer, unvan, asalet, memuriyet