Implications of the environment, conditions and organization of work on teacher health: a systematic review/Implicacoes do ambiente, condicoes e organizacao do trabalho na saude do professor: uma revisao sistematica

The state of health of the teacher is fundamental to the success of the teaching process. In addition to the intrinsic aspects, the scholastic context affects the well-being of the educator. The objective of this study was to identify the main psychosocial, structural and relational factors in the teaching profession. A systematic review of the literature, with the use of electronic research in eight databases, identified 2,479 articles on the topic published between 1997 and 2016. Metric and subjective parameters were adopted for selection in this portfolio and, in all, 32 publications were eligible for analysis, of which 29 were published in English. After the bibliometric and content characterization of the final portfolio, the main results of strain were psychosomatic disorders, with an emphasis on stress and the Burnout Syndrome, as well as voice disturbances. Workload, interpersonal relations and conditions of the scholastic environment are highlighted as the major agents of these conditions. Changes and adaptations in classrooms, actions of prevention and social support are pointed out as possible solutions to guarantee the quality of life of these professionals. Key words Teachers, Occupational health, Work environment, Working conditions O estado da saude do professor e fundamental para o exito do processo de ensino. Alem dos aspectos intrinsecos, o contexto escolar afeta o bem-estar do educador. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais fatores psicossociais, estruturais e relacionais na profissao docente. Uma revisao sistematica da literatura, com o uso de pesquisa eletronica em oito bases de dados, identificou 2.479 artigos sobre o tema, publicados entre 1997 e 2016. Adotaram-se parametros metricos e subjetivos para a selecao nesse portfolio e, ao todo, 32 publicacoes restaram elegiveis para analise, das quais 29 foram publicadas na lingua inglesa. Transcorrida a caracterizacao bibliometrica e de conteudo do portfolio final, os trabalhos apontaram, como principais resultados de desgaste, os transtornos psicossomaticos, com enfase para o estresse e a Sindrome de Burnout, alem dos disturbios da voz. A carga de trabalho, as relacoes interpessoais e as condicoes do ambiente escolar sao destacadas como os maiores agentes dessas enfermidades. Mudancas e adequacoes de salas de aula, acoes de prevencao e suporte social sao apontadas como possiveis solucoes para garantir a qualidade de vida desses profissionais. Palavras-chave Docentes, Saud