Child education and educational policies: from the past to the present in search of the future/Educacao infantil e politicas educacionais: do passado ao presente na busca do futuro

The objective of this article is to present a brief historical explanation of education in Brazil and discuss the policies that govern Childhood Education from 1988 with the promulgation of the Federal Constitution until the ratification of LDB 12.796 on April 4, 2013, which altered the LDB/1996, and presented some challenges such as access, permanence and teacher training, among others, that society faces to acquire the right to formal education. The methodology used primary documents and laws that support national education and specific literature on early childhood education and educational policies in Brazil. In this study, we conclude that there is still a gap between practice and what is disposed in law. The issue of access was verified as one of the major challenges for the amendment of Law 12796, since approximately 56% of the Brazilian children of age to attend the first stage of formal education are still out of the school environment. To overcome this weakness it is necessary to have an educational system that continually applies these polices to achieve and complete the daily educational objectives in schools. Keywords: public policies for education, formal education, right to education. Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma explanacao historica da educacao no pais e discutir as politicas que regem a Educacao Infantil entre 1988, com a promulgacao da Constituicao Federal, ate a publicacao da lei no. 12.796, de 4 de abril de 2013, que alterou a LDB/1996, apresentando alguns desafios como o acesso, a permanencia e a formacao professoral, entre outros, que a sociedade defronta para aquisicao do direito a instrucao formal. A metodologia utilizada foi documental e bibliografica, de maneira a fundamentar a tematica proposta. Neste estudo, conclui-se que ainda existe uma distancia entre a pratica e o que esta disposto em lei. Verificou-se como um dos maiores desafios para se efetivar a emenda Lei no. 12.796 a questao do acesso a educacao formal, pois cerca de 56% das criancas brasileiras com idade para frequentar a primeira etapa de ensino ainda estao fora do ambiente escolar. Para superar essa fragilidade, sugere-se um sistema educacional que prossiga com as politicas publicas educacionais ja estabelecidas. Palavra-chave: politicas publicas para a educacao, educacao formal, direito a educacao.