Transport accessibility as a factor of depopulation and developmental delay: case study Zumberak/Prometna dostupnost kao cimbenik depopulacije i razvojnoga zaostajanja: primjer Zumberka

Zumberak has recorded depopulation processes in the past eight decades. A complete demographic breakdown of Zumberak happened in the second half of the twentieth century. That period in Croatia was marked by urban-based industrialization on one hand and deagrarization and deruralization on the other hand. In those circumstances, socio-geographic transformation failed in Zumberak. Modernization processes in the cities, in combination with their absence in Zumberak, have made Zumberak unattractive for living. In the second half of the twentieth century, emigration led Zumberak to the verge of extinction. In this paper, methods of demographic statistics and GIS analysis of transport accessibility are used in combination with the application of graph theory in the analysis of the transport network of the researched area. The results of the research suggest the conclusion that the revitalization of Zumberak is only possible with considerable material investments in the framework of well-elaborated and well-designed development plans. They should certainly include transport accessibility improvement. Keywords: depopulation, emigration, transport accessibility, population ageing, Zumberak Zumberak biljezi depopulacijske procese u zadnjih osamdesetak godina. Potpuni se demografski slom Zumberka zbio u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeca. To je razdoblje u Hrvatskoj bilo obiljezeno urbano baziranom industrijalizacijom, s jedne strane, te deagrarizacijom i deruralizacijom, s druge strane. U tim je okolnostima na Zumberku izostala socijalno-geografska transformacija. Modernizacijski procesi u gradovima, u kombinaciji s njihovim izostankom na Zumberku, ucinili su Zumberak neatraktivnim za zivot. U drugoj polovici 20. st. emigracija je dovela Zumberak na rub izumiranja. U radu se rabe metode demografske statistike i GIS-analize prometne dostupnosti u kombinaciji s primjenom teorije grafa u analizi prometne mreze istrazivanoga podrucja. Rezultati istrazivanja upucuju na zakljucak da je revitalizacija Zumberka jedino moguca uz znatna materijalna ulaganja u okviru dobro razradenih i osmisljenih razvojnih planova. Oni svakako trebaju ukljucivati i poboljsanje prometne dostupnosti. Kljucne rijeci: depopulacija, emigracija, prometna dostupnost, starenje stanovnistva, Zumberak