Wet flue gas desulphurisation procedures and relevant solvents thermophysical properties determination/Pregled mokrih postupaka za odsumporavanje dimnih gasova i odreoivanje termofizickih svojstava njima odgovarajucih rastvaraca

In order to mitigate climate change, the priority task is to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, including sulfur oxides, from stationary power plants. The legal framework of the European Union has limited the allowable emissions of gases with harmful effects and fulfillment of this obligation is also ahead of the Republic of Serbia in the following years. In this paper the categorization of wet procedures for sulfur oxides removal is given. Wet procedure with the most widespread industrial application, lime/limestone process, has been described in detail. In addition, the procedures with chemical and physical absorption and solvent thermal regeneration, which recently gained more importance, have been presented. Experimentally determined thermophysical and transport properties of commercially used and alternative solvents, necessary for the equipment design and process optimization, are also given in the paper. The obtained values of densities and viscosities of pure chemicals--solvents, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDMA), N-methyl-2- pyrolidon (NMP) and dimethylaniline (DMA), measured at the atmospheric pressure, are presented as a function of temperature. Keywords: removal of sulfur oxides, flue gases, thermal power plant, density, viscosity, climate change. Za ublazavanje klimatskih promena, neophodno je izvrsiti smanjenje emisija gasova sa efektom staklene baste medu koje spadaju i sumporni oksidi iz stacionarnih termoenergetskih postrojenja. Ubiazavanje promena je uslovljeno zakonskim okvirom Evropske Unije. Ispunjenje ove obaveze je i pred Republikom Srbijom u narednim godinama. S obzirom na prioritete i aktuelnost navedene problematike, u radu je data kategorizacija mokrih postupaka za uklanjanje sumpornih oksida iz dimnih gasova iz termoelektrana i prikazane su karakteristike odgovarajucih solvenata za regenerativne postupke. Opisan je u praksi najzastupljeniji mokri krecni postupak. Predstavljeni su postupci sa termalnom regeneracijom solventa zasnovani na hemijskoj ili fizickoj apsorpciji, koji u poslednje vreme imaju sve veci znacaj. Prikazani su rezultati eksperimentalnog odredivanja termofizickih svojstva komercijalno primenjenih i alternativnih solvenata, koja su od primarnog znacaja za projektovanje opreme i optimizaciju procesa. Izmerene vrednosti gustine i viskoznosti cistih rastvaraca, polietilenglikol 200 i 400 (PEG 200 i PEG 400), tetraetilenglikola-dimet