Arqueologia espacial e o Guarani no Vale Do Taquari, Rio Grande Do Sul

The search for the space understanding, from the distribution of material culture, emerges with the advent of New Archaeology, in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century. Spatial Archaeology is the study of aspects related to past societies, such as the spatial structure of archaeological evidence to identify the spatial relationships and characterizations, interpreting the social organization of a particular space. The objective of this paper is analyze the spatial distribution of material culture comprised of fragments of pottery, lithic evidence and archaeofaunal vestiges, at Area 2 of archaeological site RS-T-114, located in Marques de Souza, central-eastern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. We considered the theoretical and methodological proposal of Spatial Archaeology, where the object should have a range of relationships with other objects, favoring its context. The analysis was based on intra-site distribution of the various vessels and their functions, as well as the lithic material with fire and use traits. The spatial distribution showed that most activities were linked directly to the combustion area. Among the identified activities are cooking and consumption of food, the shredding of lithic core to obtain bipolar chips, and finishing by polishing the lithic artifacts and ceramic vessels. KEY-WORDS: Spatial Archaeology, Guarani Society, Activities Areas. A busca pelo entendimento do espaco, a partir da distribuicao da cultura material, surge com o advento na Nova Arqueologia, na decada de 60 e 70 do seculo XX. A Arqueologia Espacial trata do estudo de aspectos relacionados as sociedades passadas, como a estruturacao espacial da evidencia arqueologica a fim de identificar as relacoes e as caracterizacoes espaciais, interpretando a organizacao social de um espaco especifico. O objetivo deste artigo e analisar a distribuicao espacial da cultura material compreendida por fragmentos de ceramica, evidencias liticas e vestigios arqueofaunisticos na Area 2 do sitio arqueologico RS-T-114, localizado no municipio de Marques de Souza, regiao centro-leste do Rio Grande do Sul. Considerou-se a proposta teorico-metodologica da Arqueologia Espacial, onde o objeto deve ter uma gama de relacoes com outros objetos, privilegiando o seu contexto. A analise baseou-se na distribuicao intra-sitio das diversas vasilhas e suas funcoes, bem como do material litico com negativos de fogo e uso. A distribuicao espacial demonstrou que a maioria das atividades est