Integrated farming methods and their impact on herb and bird communities of agricultural land--a review / Setrnejsi zpusoby hospodareni a jejich dopad na na rostlinna a ptaci spolecenstva zemedelske krajiny - review

During the last century, the changing forms of agriculture drastically influenced many native plant and animal populations. In the efforts to reduce these negative impacts on biodiversity, a number of agricultural enterprises began farming in a more environmentally friendly ways; in addition to conventional farm management, new forms of integrated and organic farming appeared, the latter having a tradition of only a few years. These new approaches have a number of variations, one of which is termed integrated farming. It exerts less pressure on the given environment, and, together with organic agriculture, plays an important role in the efforts to renew long lost cultures. Support for integrated farming can be one of the intermediate stages between organic farming and agri-environmental programmes that very often complement one another. Despite the organic farming may have a negative impact on crop yields and considers individual approaches to problematic sites as well as applications of locally specific rules, a number of studies have confirmed that this kind of farming positively influences biodiversity of a given area. This review highlights importance of integrated farming and calls for its larger use in agricultural practice. Menici se zpusob zemedelskeho hospodareni v prubehu 20. stoleti vyrazne ovlivnil populace mnoha pu vodnich druhu rostlin a zivocichu. V zajmu snizovani techto negativnich dopadu na biologickou rozmanitost se rada zemedelskych podniku odhodlala uplatnovat postupy setrnejsi k zivotnimu prostredi; krome konvencniho (nesetrneho) p ristupu se objevily nove formy integrovaneho a ekologickeho zemedelstvi, z nichz druha forma ma dosud jen nekolikaletou tradici. Tyto nove pristupy maji radu variant, z nichz jedna se nazyva integrovane zemedelstvi. To vyviji mensi tlak na p rirodni prostredi a spolu s ekologickym zemedelstvim sehrava dulezitou roli v usili o obnoveni prirodnich hodnot zemedelske krajiny. Integrovane farmareni tvori urcity prechod mezi ekologickym zemedelstvim a setrnym farmarenim siroce vyuzivajicim agro-environmentalni programy. Prestoze ekologicke zemede lstvi muze do urcite miry snizovat vynosy plodin a vyzaduje individualni pristupy na problematickym lokalitach a uplatnovani mistne specifickych pravidel, rada studii potvrdila, ze tento druh hospodareni pozitivne ovlivnuje biodiverzitu dane oblasti. Tato prace zduraznuje vyznam integrovaneho zemedelstvi a podporuje jeho sirsi uplatnovani v zemedelske praxi.