Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition: Surface Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment Via Patterning and Gradients

This review provides an overview of current developments in the evaluation and fabrication of micro- and nano-topological patterns and gradients for cellular studies. Specific consideration is given to the phenotypic response of various cell types as a result of cellular interactions to various topological cues. Patterning techniques discussed include electron beam lithography, photolithography, soft lithography, dip-pen nanolithography, colloidal lithography and microfluidic patterning. Interfacial gradient techniques considered include microfluidic techniques for interfacial gradients, plasma polymer techniques for interfacial gradients, morphological gradients and three-dimensional gradients in hydrogels. In addition, the advantages and challenges encountered through the use of these techniques are highlighted for the study of cell-surface interactions in in-vitro settings. 164 refs.