Bioactive phytochemicals in fruits from genotypes of "caja-umbuzeiras"/ Fitoquimicos bioativos em frutos de genotipos de caja-umbuzeiras

This study was carried out to quantify bioactive phytochemicals in "caja-umbu" fruits. Pulp of fruits of the 4 genotypes (G 2.2, G 2.3, G 3.1 and G 3.2) from a Germoplasm Bank installed at Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco (IPA) were submitted to the following determinations: totals phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols, and condensed tannins spectrophotometric method, ascorbic acid by titration method and carotenoids by spectrophotometric and chromatography methods. The genotypes exhibited amount of the phenolic compounds ranged from 110.61 to 188.86mg galic acid equivalent 100[g.sup.-1], flavonoids ranged from 1.95 a 2.37mg catechin equivalent 100[g.sup.-1], flavonols ranged from 2.59 a 2.80mg quercetin equivalent 100[g.sup.-1] and condensed taninns ranged from 42.77 a 48.24mg catechin equivalent 100[g.sup.-1]. These fruits had low levels of ascorbic acid (6.1 a 7.3 mg 100[g.sup.-1]) and carotenoids (6.67 a 11.44µg [g.sup.-1]). The β-carotene 5.65'6'-diepoxide was the major component of genotypes G 2.2, G 2.3 and G 3.1, while lutein-5.6 epoxide was found in greater quantities in G 3.2. Thus, although the fruits from the four genotypes have shown variations in the levels of bioactive phytochemicals, they present in its constitution relevant quantities of these compounds, which may contribute to the dietary intake of antioxidant. KEYWORDS: Spondias spp.; ascorbic acid; carotenoids; polyphenols. Com o objetivo de quantificar os fitoquimicos bioativos em caja-umbu foram utilizadas polpas de frutos de 4 genotipos (G 2.2; G 2.3; G 3.1 e G 3.2) procedentes do Banco de Germoplasma do Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco (IPA). Os teores de fenolicos, flavonoides e flavonois totais e taninos condensados foram quantificados por metodo espectrofotometrico; de acido ascorbico por metodo titulometrico e de carotenoides por metodo cromatografico e espectrofotometrico. Os genotipos apresentaram teores de fenolicos totais de 110,61 a 188,86mg equivalente em acido galico 100[g.sup.-1], flavonoides de 1,95 a 2,37mg em equivalente de catequina 100[g.sup.-1], flavonois de 2,59 a 2,80mg em equivalente de quercetina 100[g.sup.-1] e taninos condensados de 42,77 a 48,24mg em equivalente de catequina 100[g.sup.-1]. Os frutos apresentaram baixos teores de acido ascorbico (6,1 a 7,3mg 100[g.sup.-1]) e de carotenoides (6,67 a 11,44µg [g.sup.-1]). O β-caroteno-5,6-5'6'-diepoxido foi o componente majoritario dos genotipos G 2.2; G 2.3 e G 3.1, enquanto que a luteina-5,6 epoxido foi enco